European Parliament Parties: Policy Positions Compared

EPP European People’s Party Centre-Right The European People's Party (EPP) is a pro-European, center-right alliance of Christian democratic and conservative parties. As the largest political force in the EU Parliament, it forms the cornerstone of European conservatism and advocates for a strong, market-oriented Union. Election Trend 26.5 -0.4

S&D Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Centre-Left The S&D Group is a social democratic political group within the European Parliament. Representing the left-of-centre of the political spectrum, it primarily advocates for social justice, workers' rights, and deeper European integration, all underpinned by the principle of solidarity. Election Trend 14.3 -0.2

Patriots for Europe Right Patriots for Europe (PfE) is a far-right populist to extreme-right alliance within the EU Parliament. The group sees itself as a rallying point for nationalists who reject the repatriation of powers from Brussels and prioritize the preservation of national identity over EU integration. Election Trend 12.3 +0.1

ECR European Conservatives and Reformists Right The ECR is a Eurosceptic, conservative group within the European Parliament. It unites parties that support an economic union but reject political integration. The group champions national sovereignty, the strengthening of nation-states, and a strict limitation of the competencies of EU institutions. Election Trend 10.5 -0.3

RE Renew Europe Centre-Right Liberal Renew Europe (RE) is a liberal, pro-European political group in the European Parliament. As a centrist force, it positions itself as a bridge between the conservative and social democratic blocs, strongly advocating for deeper EU integration, the Single Market, and the defense of rule of law principles. Election Trend 8.4 ±0.0

Europe of Sovereign Nations Far-Right Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN) is a far-right political group in the European Parliament, advocating a radical return to the primacy of nation-states. It is considered the furthest right-wing group and comprises parties that fundamentally reject the current direction of the EU, some of which are under surveillance by national intelligence agencies. Election Trend 6.6 +0.2

Left European United Left-Nordic Green Left Left The Left in the EU Parliament (GUE/NGL) is a coalition of socialist, communist, and eco-left parties. The group sees itself as a radical opposition to the EU's neoliberal agenda and advocates for a fundamental transformation of European institutions. Election Trend 6.4 ±0.0

Greens The Greens/European Free Alliance Centre-Left Environment & Climate The Greens/EFA Group stands as the ecologically progressive force within the European Parliament. It unites environmental policy with social justice, regional self-determination, and pro-European federalism. The group sees itself as a driving force for Europe's climate-neutral transformation. Election Trend 3.9 -0.1

Non-Inscrits Transversal The Non-Attached Members (Non-Inscrits) in the EU Parliament are a heterogeneous group of MEPs who do not belong to any of the official political groups. They do not form a cohesive unit but rather serve as an organizational catch-all for various individual politicians and splinter parties. Election Trend 1.8 ±0.0

AfD ESN Alternative für Deutschland Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2013 The AfD is a right-wing populist and, in some parts, a far-right extremist party in Germany. It combines a national-conservative core ideology with a strict rejection of EU integration and current migration policies. Germany's domestic intelligence agency has classified it as a 'proven right-wing extremist' party in several federal states.

AKEL LEFT Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú Left Europhile Founded 1941 AKEL is a Marxist-Leninist party in Cyprus, widely regarded as one of the strongest communist forces in the EU. It shapes the island's political landscape through its pragmatic socialism and its unwavering commitment to the peaceful reunification of Cyprus within the framework of a federal state.

Alianța Dreapta Reformistă Right Liberal The Alianța Dreapta Reformistă (ADR) is a Romanian center-right political alliance. The Alliance positions itself as a pro-European, economically liberal, and reform-oriented force, striving for the country's modernization and a rigorous fight against corruption.

Alliance Royale AR Far-Right The Alliance Royale (AR) is a far-right, royalist political party in France. It advocates for the reinstatement of a constitutional monarchy as a means to overcome the Republic's divisions and is monitored by domestic intelligence services in reports concerning the ultra-right fringe.

Alternativet G/EFA Green Environment & Climate Europhile Alternativet (Å) is a Danish green-liberal party that sees itself as a political laboratory platform for ecological sustainability, social empathy, and radical transparency. It breaks with traditional structures to place the climate crisis and human well-being at the heart of politics.

Animaliste LEFT Parti animaliste Left Animal Welfare Eurosceptic Founded 2016 The Parti animaliste (PA) is a French single-issue party primarily dedicated to animal welfare and animal rights. It sees itself as a cross-party movement aiming to embed the issue of animal suffering into political discourse and legislation.

ANO 2011 PfE Akce nespokojených občanů Liberal Eurosceptic Founded 2011 ANO 2011 is a populist, centrist party in the Czech Republic, functioning as a catch-all movement. It blends economic liberal pragmatism with a value-conservative emphasis on national sovereignty and is often characterized as a personality-driven political vehicle.

Aontú Transversal Eurosceptic Aontú is an Irish, all-Ireland party that champions socially conservative republicanism. It combines a strict pro-life stance with a left-leaning economic critique of the establishment and advocates for the reunification of the island of Ireland.

AP EPP Alternativa Popolare Centre-Right Founded 2017 Alternativa Popolare (AP) is a Christian Democratic and deeply pro-European centrist party in Italy. It defines itself as a moderately conservative force that combines the legacy of traditional mainstream parties with a modern, economically liberal reform agenda.

Apvienotais saraksts (LZP/LRA/LP) LZP/LRA/LP Conservative Europhile Apvienotais saraksts (AS) is a centrist to center-right political alliance in Latvia. The Alliance unites regionalist, conservative, and eco-conservative forces with the goal of driving pragmatic crisis management and fostering regional development beyond the capital city of Riga.

Azione RE Centrist Liberal Europhile Founded 2019 Azione is a liberal, centrist party in Italy that positions itself as a rational alternative to populism. It combines economic liberal principles with social responsibility and strongly advocates for deeper European integration as well as the strengthening of rule-of-law institutions.

BBB EPP BoerBurgerBeweging Agrarian Eurosceptic Founded 2019 The BoerBurgerBeweging (BBB) is an agrarian-populist, conservative interest-based party in the Netherlands. It positions itself as the voice of rural communities against a perceived detached urban elite and is politically situated in the centre-right.

Bloco de Esquerda LEFT Left Founded 1999 The Bloco de Esquerda (BE) is a socialist and eco-socialist party in Portugal. As a broad left-wing alliance, it unites Marxist, feminist, and ecological currents with the aim of forming a radical alternative to the traditional two-party system of Socialists and Conservatives.

BS Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy Transversal Regional Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy (BS) is a non-partisan, regionalism-focused movement in Poland. It positions itself as a centrist political force that actively counters the deep polarization within the Polish political landscape and champions the interests of local self-governance.

BSP S&D Bălgarska Socialističeska Partija Social Democratic Founded 1991 The BSP is a left-wing, social-democratic major party in Bulgaria. As the direct successor to the former state party, it combines classic left-wing redistribution policies with a socially conservative stance and a strong emphasis on national sovereignty.

BSW Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht Left-Populist Eurosceptic The Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) is a left-conservative party in Germany. It combines classically left-wing social and economic policies with socially conservative values and a restrictive migration policy, thereby claiming a previously unoccupied niche within the political spectrum.

CDA EPP Christen Democratisch Appèl Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1980 The Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA) is a Christian democratic party in the Netherlands that sees itself as a bridge-builder of the political center. It is founded on Christian social values and emphasizes the importance of communities over purely state or individual action.

CDS–Partido Popular EPP Partido Progressista Right Europhile 1876–1910 The CDS–Partido Popular (CDS-PP) is a right-wing conservative party in Portugal. It blends Christian democratic values with economically liberal positions and sees itself as a civic counterweight to socialism. The party emphasizes the importance of tradition, family, and national sovereignty within the European context.

CDU LEFT Coligação Democrática Unitária Left Europhile Founded 1987 The CDU (Coligação Democrática Unitária) is a left-wing electoral alliance in Portugal, primarily supported by the Communist Party (PCP) and the Greens (PEV). It espouses Marxist-Leninist principles and positions itself as the voice of the working class.

CDU EPP Christlich Demokratische Union Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1945 The CDU is a Christian Democratic, conservative, and economically liberal centrist party. It sees itself as a foundational pillar of the state, uniting tradition with progress, and firmly anchoring Germany within the Western community of values and the European Union.

Centar RE Transversal Liberal Europhile Centar is a Croatian liberal centrist party. It defines itself as a progressive, technocratic force committed to the rule of law, economic freedom, and the modernization of state structures to systematically overcome corruption and clientelism within the country.

Centerpartiet RE Centern Transversal Liberal Europhile 1873–1882 The Center Party (Centerpartiet) is a liberal, agrarian-rooted party in Sweden, defined by a strong focus on decentralization and sustainability. As a green force of the center, it combines liberal economic policies with a robust commitment to rural areas.

CEUS RE Coalición por una Europa Solidaria Transversal Europhile The Coalición por una Europa Solidaria (CEUS) is a pro-European, centrist, and regionalist political alliance in Spain. It brings together moderate civic nationalists and regionalists who advocate for strengthening regional identities and autonomy rights within the framework of the EU.

Chega PfE Right-Populist Founded 2019 Chega is a far-right populist and national-conservative party in Portugal. It perceives itself as a protest movement against the established political system, combining a strict law-and-order approach with uncompromising rhetoric against corruption and stringent migration policies.

Ciudadanos RE Ciudadanos — Partido de la Ciudadanía Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2005 Ciudadanos (Cs) is a liberal, centrist, and pro-European political party in Spain. The party combines an economically liberal agenda with a secular, socially progressive stance and vehemently opposes regional separatism within the country.

Coalició Compromís Left Coalició Compromís is a Spanish political coalition from the Valencia region that combines progressive-environmental policies with a moderate Valencian regionalism. It advocates for social justice, sustainable environmental protection, and greater decentralization of Spain.

CSU EPP Christlich Soziale Union Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1945 The CSU is a conservative, Christian-social people's party that exclusively contests elections in Bavaria. As a civic force, it combines regional identity with a clear claim to national political power, emphasizing Christian fundamental values and the social market economy.

CU EPP ChristenUnie Christian Democratic Founded 2000 The ChristenUnie (CU) is a Christian-social, value-conservative party in the Netherlands. It combines a biblically-informed ethic with progressive social and environmental policies, positioning itself as a bridge-builder between the right and left political spectrums.

D66 RE Democraten 66 Liberal Europhile Founded 1966 D66 is a left-liberal, progressive party from the Netherlands. It sees itself as a radically democratic force, placing social freedom, individual self-determination, and deeper European integration at the core of its agenda.

Danmarksdemokraterne ECR Right-Populist Founded 2022 Danmarksdemokraterne (DD) is a right-conservative, right-populist party in Denmark. It positions itself as the voice of the rural population, strictly opposing the perceived dominance of urban elites and advocating for a restrictive migration policy.

Dansk Folkeparti PfE Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1995 The Dansk Folkeparti (DF) is a right-wing populist, national-conservative party in Denmark. It combines a strict rejection of multiculturalism and immigration with a strong commitment to the Danish welfare state and is generally categorized within the national-right-wing populist political spectrum.

Demokrati EPP Liberal Demokrati is a liberal and pro-European party in Slovakia, identifying itself as a centrist force. It combines a clear Western alignment with a commitment to upholding the rule of law and combating corruption, pursuing modern, reform-oriented policies.

Demokratikus Koalíció S&D Social Democratic Europhile Founded 2011 The Democratic Coalition (DK) is a left-liberal, pro-European party in Hungary. It is considered the most pro-integration force in the country, positioning itself as a clear counterweight to the government's national-conservative agenda by advocating for deeper EU integration.

De Rød-Grønne LEFT Enhedslisten / De Rød-Grønne Left Eurosceptic Founded 1989 Enhedslisten (The Red-Green Alliance) is a socialist and ecological party in Denmark. As the furthest left-wing force in parliament, it combines core Marxist principles with radical environmental protection, advocating for a fundamental transformation of the capitalist economic system.

DeSUS RE Demokratična stranka upokojencev Slovenije Centre-Left Europhile Founded 1991 DeSUS is a centrist interest party in Slovenia, primarily positioning itself as the political representative of the older generation and pensioners. It combines social democratic principles in social policy with a pragmatic, ideologically flexible approach when forming government coalitions.

Die Linke LEFT Left Founded 2007 Die Linke is a socialist party in Germany committed to social justice and overcoming capitalism. It advocates for a radical redistribution of wealth and sees itself as the parliamentary voice of left-wing movements fighting against precarity and exploitation.

Die PARTEI NI Left Satire Eurosceptic Founded 2004 THE PARTY is a German satirical political party that parodies the political establishment through exaggeration and irony. Conceived as a populist art project, it deliberately uses absurd demands to expose systemic weaknesses and the rhetoric of established parties.

DIKO S&D Dimokratikó Kómma Conservative Europhile Founded 1976 DIKO is a centrist party in Cyprus, perceiving itself as a central force and a defender of national sovereignty. It combines moderate nationalism with a social-liberal economic policy and often plays the role of kingmaker in Cypriot politics.

Dimokratikoi RE D Centre-Left The Dimokratikoi (D) is a liberal, pro-European centrist party in Greece. It sees itself as a contemporary political force committed to advancing economic rationality, social responsibility, and the consistent strengthening of rule-of-law institutions in modern Greece.

DIPA RE Dimokratiki Parataxi Centrist Europhile DIPA is a centrist and liberal-democratic party in Cyprus. It sees itself as a moderate force of the center, prioritizing pragmatism over ideology. Its primary focus is on a peaceful resolution to the Cyprus problem and a stability-oriented economic policy.

DISY EPP Dimokratikós Sinayermós Conservative Europhile Founded 1976 DISY is a right-wing conservative and Christian Democratic party in Cyprus. As the dominant force within the center-right political spectrum, it combines economic liberal pragmatism with a clear pro-European orientation and advocates for the reunification of the divided island.

DNA DNA - DEMOKRATISCH – NEUTRAL – AUTHENTISCH Right DNA (Democratic – Neutral – Authentic) is a populist, system-critical minor party in Austria. It sees itself as a fundamental citizens' movement against the political establishment, strictly opposing global mandates, supranational influences, and government crisis measures.

DP NI Darbo Partija Liberal Europhile Founded 2003 The Darbo Partija (Labour Party) is a populist, centrist-liberal party in Lithuania. It combines an economically liberal agenda with robust social policy promises and a strong orientation towards charismatic leaders, regularly alternating between governing and opposition roles.

DPS RE Dvizhenie za prava i svobodi Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 1990 The DPS (Movement for Rights and Freedoms) is a liberal centrist party in Bulgaria that primarily represents the interests of the Turkish minority and other Muslim communities. It is considered a stable yet controversial political force, officially advocating for civil rights and Euro-Atlantic integration.

DSp NI Democrazia Sovrana Popolare Transversal Democrazia Sovrana Popolare (DSP) is a populist and sovereignist party in Italy. It combines a radical foreign policy with anti-globalist approaches, positioning itself as a fundamental opposition force against the established political system and international alliances.

DSVL G/EFA Demokratų sąjunga „Vardan Lietuvos“ Social Democratic Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2022 The 'Demokratų sąjunga „Vardan Lietuvos“' (DSVL) is a center-left, pro-European party in Lithuania. It combines a strong emphasis on social justice and state welfare with a pragmatic, statesmanlike approach to governance, devoid of radical ideologies.

E200 RE Erakond Eesti 200 Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2018 Eesti 200 is a liberal, technocratically-oriented reform party in Estonia, positioning itself as a modern alternative to the established party system. Its core identity is the radical modernization of the state through digitalization and evidence-based policy, aimed at ensuring Estonia's long-term competitiveness.

EAC G/EFA Écologie au centre Center Écologie au centre (EAC) is a centrist, ecological party in France. It positions itself as a pragmatic and ideology-neutral alternative to traditional left-wing Green parties, directly linking environmental protection with market-oriented and socially moderate centrist policies.

EDEK S&D Kinima Sosialdimokraton EDEK Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1969 EDEK is a social democratic party in Cyprus that combines left-wing economic policies with a pronounced Greek-Cypriot nationalism. As the country's oldest socialist force, it stands for social justice and an uncompromising rejection of the Turkish occupation.

EER G/EFA Erakonna Eestimaa Rohelised Green Environment & Climate Founded 2006 Erakonna Eestimaa Rohelised (EER) is Estonia's leading ecological force, combining consistent environmental protection with left-liberal social policies. As a classic green party, it champions sustainability, grassroots democracy, and a radical ecological transformation of the economy.

EKRE PfE Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2012 The Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE) is a right-wing populist, national-conservative force that prioritizes Estonia as an ethnically homogeneous nation-state. It maintains a Euroskeptic stance and actively opposes liberal societal models and immigration.

ELAM NI Ethniko Laiko Metopo Right-Populist Founded 2008 ELAM (Ethniko Laiko Metopo) is a far-right, ultranationalist political party in Cyprus. It champions an uncompromising 'Cyprus-first' stance, rooted in the tradition of Greek nationalist Enosis ideology, and is frequently associated with Greece's Golden Dawn due to its historical origins.

Ellinikí Lýsi ECR Elliniki Lisi Conservative Eurosceptic Founded 2016 Elliniki Lisi (Greek Solution) is a right-wing populist, national-conservative political party in Greece. It blends a staunch commitment to Greek Orthodox tradition with economic protectionism and an uncompromising stance on immigration and foreign policy.

Ensemble RE Ensemble Citoyens Transversal Liberal Europhile Ensemble is a liberal, pro-European centrist alliance in France. As a broad movement, it combines progressive social approaches with pro-business policies. Its goal is to overcome the traditional left-right political divide through a pragmatic reform agenda.

ERC G/EFA Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya Centre-Left Regional Europhile Founded 1931 Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) is a left-wing, pro-independence party in Catalonia. It combines a strong Catalan nationalist identity with social democratic values and advocates for Catalonia's independence from Spain, envisioning an autonomous republic.

Europa Verde G/EFA Centre-Left Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2019 Europa Verde (EV) is an Italian ecological-progressive party. It serves as Italy's leading green political force, advocating for a radical socio-ecological transformation by inextricably linking environmental protection with social justice and EU integration.

FAMILIE EPP Familien-Partei Deutschlands Centre-Right The Family Party of Germany (FAMILIE) is a socially conservative single-issue party that defines the well-being of the family as the central cornerstone of state policy. It sees itself as an advocate for parents and children against a system it perceives as detrimental to children.

FDP RE Freie Demokratische Partei Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 1948 The FDP is a liberal party that places the individual and their freedom at its core. It advocates for a market economy, civil liberties, and personal responsibility. As a classic centrist programmatic party, it distinguishes itself from state interventionism and is classified by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution as a democratic force.

Fianna Fáil RE Conservative Europhile Founded 1926 Fianna Fáil is a conservative-liberal centrist party in Ireland. As a historically dominant 'state party', it defines itself through a pragmatic republicanism that combines national sovereignty with economic openness and traditionally appeals to broad segments of the population.

Fidesz/KDNP PfE Fidesz — Magyar Polgári Szövetség Conservative Europhile Founded 1988 Fidesz is a national-conservative and right-wing populist party in Hungary. It dominates the political landscape through a decidedly illiberal agenda that combines Christian-traditional values with a strong focus on national sovereignty and a rejection of Brussels' centralizing tendencies.

Fidias Panagiotou Transversal Fidias Panagiotou is an independent, highly populist, and digitally-driven protest movement in Cyprus. It lacks a traditional party structure or manifesto, instead channeling public discontent against the established political system and advocating for direct democracy via social media platforms.

Fine Gael EPP Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1944 Fine Gael is a liberal-conservative and Christian Democratic party in Ireland. As a centrist force, it shapes Irish politics through a clear commitment to the market economy and European integration. It is traditionally regarded as the party of law and order.

Fokus RE Center Liberal Founded 2020 Fokus is a liberal party in Croatia, positioning itself as a centrist force advocating for economic freedom and transparency. It pursues a clear anti-corruption agenda and demands a drastic reduction in state bureaucracy and the tax burden for citizens and businesses.

Foní Logikís PfE Right-Populist Foní Logikís (Voice of Reason) is a right-conservative to right-populist party in Greece. It positions itself as a mainstream political force that places national sovereignty, Christian Orthodox values, and a strict migration policy at the core of its agenda.

Forza Italia EPP Forza Italia (2013) Conservative Europhile Founded 2013 Forza Italia (FI) is a liberal-conservative, center-right party in Italy. It blends economically liberal reformism with Christian democratic values and positions itself as a pro-European bulwark against populist tendencies within the right-wing spectrum.

FPÖ PfE Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1949 The FPÖ is a right-wing populist and German-nationalist party in Austria. It sees itself as a social homeland party, centering its policies on restrictive migration and the protection of national sovereignty. Due to its positions, the party is regularly scrutinized for its proximity to right-wing extremism and its stance on liberal democracy.

Fratelli d’Italia ECR Fratelli d'Italia Right-Populist Founded 2013 Fratelli d’Italia (FdI) is a right-wing conservative to populist party, deeply rooted in Italy's national-conservative tradition. It combines strong patriotism with social conservatism and a critical stance on European integration.

Freie Wähler RE Conservative Founded 2009 The FREIE WÄHLER are a civic-conservative, centrist party with deep roots in municipal voter associations. They position themselves as a pragmatic alternative to the established mainstream parties, emphasizing the importance of regional embeddedness and direct proximity to citizens.

FvD NI Forum voor Democratie Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2017 The Forum for Democracy (FvD) is a right-wing populist to far-right political party in the Netherlands. It combines radical Euroscepticism with a pronounced national conservatism and is increasingly criticized by security authorities and experts for its proximity to conspiracy theories.

GERB EPP Grazhdani za evropeysko razvitie na Balgariya Right-Populist Europhile Founded 2007 GERB is a conservative, pro-European, center-right political party in Bulgaria. It blends economic liberalism and pragmatism with a strong emphasis on state stability and the country's deep integration into the structures of the European Union and NATO.

Green Party G/EFA Green Environment & Climate Europhile The Green Party (GP) is an ecologically progressive political party in Ireland. As part of the global Green movement, it combines strong environmental advocacy with social justice, championing a sustainable transformation of the economy and society within the EU.

GRÜNE G/EFA Die Grünen — Die grüne Alternative Green Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 1986 THE GREENS are an ecologically progressive party in Austria. Their core brand is the inseparable connection between environmental protection, fundamental social rights, and a liberal social policy. They see themselves as a guardian of the rule of law and champions of climate neutrality.

Grüne G/EFA Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Green Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 1993 Bündnis 90/The Greens is an eco-social party that emerged from the environmental, peace, and civil rights movements. It consistently combines robust climate protection with socially liberal values, strongly emphasizing global responsibility and social justice.

HDZ EPP Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 2000 The HDZ is a right-conservative party in Croatia. As a foundational force of the independence movement, it combines Christian democratic values with a strong sense of Croatian national identity. It remains the dominant political power in the country and is a member of the European People's Party.

HLAS S&D HLAS – sociálna demokracia Social Democratic Founded 2020 HLAS is a left-leaning populist and social democratic party in Slovakia. It positions itself as a more moderate, statesperson-like alternative to the traditional left, combining classic redistributive policies with a strong emphasis on stability and integration within European institutions.

Hrvatski suverenisti ECR Right Founded 2019 Hrvatski suverenisti (HS) is a right-conservative and sovereignist political party in Croatia. It blends Christian-social values with a strong emphasis on national independence, firmly rejecting deeper EU integration in favor of national decision-making authority.

HSU Hrvatska stranka umirovljenika Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1996 The Croatian Party of Pensioners (Hrvatska stranka umirovljenika, HSU) is a centrist Croatian interest party that primarily functions as the parliamentary voice for seniors and retirees. It operates pragmatically, focusing on social justice and intergenerational solidarity.

IDS RE Istarski demokratski sabor Liberal Europhile Founded 2000 The IDS (Istrian Democratic Assembly) is a regionalist, left-liberal party in Croatia, primarily dedicated to advocating for the autonomy of the Istrian peninsula. As a pro-European force, it champions a multicultural vision for society and underscores the region's unique historical identity.

Imperium Europa Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2000 Imperium Europa (IE) is a far-right, ultranationalist minor party in Malta. It combines radical pan-European nationalism with elements of far-right extremism and a vehement opposition to migration from non-European countries.

Iniciativa Liberal RE Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2017 Iniciativa Liberal (IL) is a liberal party in Portugal that advocates for a radical break from the state-dominated economic system. It pursues a consistent market liberalism combined with socio-political progressiveness, positioning itself as a counterpoint to the country's traditional socialist and conservative forces.

Isamaa EPP Isamaaliit Conservative Europhile 1995–2006 Isamaa stands as Estonia's leading conservative force, blending Christian democratic values with a strong national focus. As a guardian of Estonian identity and language, the party champions state sovereignty, a robust national defense, and traditional family structures.

ITN ECR Ima takav narod Conservative Founded 2020 There Is Such a People (ITN) is a populist, conservative party in Bulgaria. It combines passionate criticism of the political establishment with demands for direct democracy and a profound reform of the electoral system, aiming to break the power of traditional elites.

Jaunā konservatīvā partija Conservative Europhile Founded 2014 The Jaunā konservatīvā partija (JKP), or New Conservative Party, is a socially conservative and staunchly anti-corruption political force in Latvia. It positions itself as a centrist-right party that champions the rule of law, upholds national identity, and advocates for a relentless purification of the state from oligarchic structures.

Jaunā Vienotība EPP Centre-Right Europhile Founded 2018 Jaunā Vienotība (JV) is a liberal-conservative political alliance in Latvia that functions as a stabilizing force in the political center. It stands for a pro-European course, a strict transatlantic security alignment, and a market economy within the framework of the rule of law.

Jobbik NI Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom Right-Populist Founded 2003 Jobbik is a right-conservative party in Hungary that has undergone a significant transformation from a far-right, paramilitary-linked movement to a more moderate, pro-European force. Today, it advocates for conservative patriotism and social justice.

Junts per Catalunya NI Transversal Regional Europhile Founded 2018 Junts per Catalunya (JxC) is a Catalan nationalist and separatist party in Spain. As a center-right force, it aims for the complete independence of Catalonia from the Spanish state, pursuing a confrontational course against Madrid's institutions.

KDH EPP Kresťanskodemokratické hnutie Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1990 The Kresťanskodemokratické hnutie (KDH) is a value-conservative, Christian Democratic party in Slovakia. As one of the country's most traditional political forces, it combines a pro-European orientation with a strong focus on Christian family values and a social market economy.

KDU-ČSL EPP Křesťanská a demokratická unie / Československá strana lidová Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1992 The KDU-ČSL is a Christian Democratic and conservative party in the Czech Republic. As one of the country's oldest political forces, it combines Catholic social teaching with a pro-European course and often acts as a stable corrective in the political center of the Czech party system.

KEKK Kínima Enoménon Kipríon Kinigón Agrarian KEKK (Kínima Enoménou Kipríon Kinigón) is a Cypriot advocacy party primarily dedicated to championing the rights of hunters and safeguarding rural traditions. It blends ecological principles with conservative values, representing a distinctly rural-centric identity.

Keskerakond RE Eesti Keskerakond Centre-Left Liberal The Estonian Centre Party (Eesti Keskerakond) sees itself as the social voice of the political center. As a classic catch-all party, it bridges the gap between the Estonian majority society and the Russian-speaking minority, while advocating for a robust welfare state and pragmatic economic policies.

KO EPP Koalicja Obywatelska Liberal Europhile 2019–2019 The Koalicja Obywatelska (KO) is a liberal-conservative political alliance in Poland. As a pro-European, center-right force, it combines liberal economic approaches with a strong commitment to rule of law principles and the country's Western integration.

Kokoomus EPP Kansallinen Kokoomus Conservative Europhile Founded 1927 The Kansallinen Kokoomus (KOK) is a liberal-conservative party in Finland. As a leading force in center-right politics, it combines economically liberal principles with a strong pro-EU stance, advocating for individual liberty and market-driven responsibility.

Kommounistikó NI Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas Left Eurosceptic Founded 1918 The KKE is a Marxist-Leninist cadre party in Greece. As one of Europe's oldest and most orthodox communist parties, it strives for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist social order.

Kon ESN Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2018 Konfederacja (Kon) is a Polish political alliance on the right to far-right spectrum, combining radical economic liberalism with a deeply conservative, nationalist worldview. The party openly criticizes the established system and rejects Poland's deep integration into the EU.

Konservative Folkeparti EPP Conservative Europhile Founded 1915 The Det Konservative Folkeparti (DKF) is a value-conservative and economically liberal political party in Denmark. It identifies as a center-right force that harmonizes tradition, social stability, and a free-market economy, and is commonly known simply as 'the Conservatives'.

Koos KOOS organisatsioon osutab suveräniteedile Far-Right KOOS is a radical pro-Russian and populist micro-party in Estonia, officially operating under the name 'KOOS organisatsioon osutab suveräänsusele' (TOGETHER-Organization Points to Sovereignty), and is classified as a threat by national security authorities.

KOSP G/EFA Kinima Ikologon – Synergasia Politon Centre-Left Environment & Climate Europhile KOSP (Kinima Ikologon – Synergasia Politon) is a green-progressive party in Cyprus that links ecological sustainability with social justice. As the island's only established environmental party, it advocates a consistently reform-oriented and citizen-centric approach.

KPÖ LEFT Kommunistische Partei Österreichs Left Eurosceptic Founded 1945 The KPÖ is a Marxist-oriented communist party in Austria. It sees itself as a social alternative to the established party system, combining a radical critique of capitalism with a strongly locally rooted, pragmatic social engagement for low-income communities.

Kresťanská únia ECR Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 2019 The Kresťanská únia (KÚ) is a right-conservative to clerical-nationalist party in Slovakia. It positions itself as the political representative of strict Christian values, primarily advocating for the protection of unborn life, the traditional family, and a value-based social order.

Kristdemokraterna EPP Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1964 The Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna, KD) are a Christian democratic and conservative party in Sweden. They see themselves as guardians of the traditional family and Christian values within a secular society. The KD combines a market-oriented approach with a strong focus on social responsibility and ethical principles.

Kristillisdemokraatit EPP Christian Democratic Founded 1958 The Kristillisdemokraatit (KD) is a Christian Democratic-conservative party in Finland that advocates for policies based on Christian values and stable family structures. It operates as a value-driven force within the right-wing spectrum, emphasizing the importance of morality and tradition in legislation.

Labour Party S&D Páirti Lucht Oibre Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1912 The Labour Party is a social democratic party in Ireland. As one of the country's oldest political forces, it champions the interests of working people and advocates for a robust welfare state and social liberalisation, having historically positioned itself between the two dominant centre-right parties.

La France insoumise LEFT Left Eurosceptic La France insoumise (LFI) is a left-wing alternative, eco-socialist political party in France. It positions itself as a radical opposition force against neoliberalism, advocating for a profound transformation of the French Republic towards greater direct democracy and social justice.

Laisvės RE Laisvės partija Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2019 The Laisvės partija (Freedom Party) is a liberal, progressive political party in Lithuania. It consistently champions individual liberties, LGBTQ+ rights, and a modern, digitally-driven society, thereby occupying the left-liberal flank of the political spectrum in the Baltics.

Latvijas attīstībai RE Liberal Liberal Latvijas attīstībai (LA) is a classically liberal and staunchly pro-European party in Latvia. It positions itself as a business-friendly force advocating for individual liberty, technological advancement, and close integration into Western alliance structures.

Lega PfE Lega Nord Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1989 The Lega is a right-wing populist and conservative political party in Italy. Originally founded as a separatist regional movement in the North, it now operates as a national-conservative force with a strong focus on sovereignty, strict migration control, and the protection of local identities.

Les Patriotes NI Ligue des Patriotes Right 1882–1924 Les Patriotes (LP) is a far-right, sovereignist, and Eurosceptic political party in France. Emerging as a splinter group from the extreme right, its core objective is to reassert France's full sovereignty by withdrawing from both the European Union and NATO.

Les Républicains EPP Conservative Europhile Founded 2015 Les Républicains (LR) are a center-right conservative mainstream party in France. As heirs to Gaullism, they combine a strong state with economically liberal reforms, advocating for the preservation of national sovereignty and traditional French values within the EU.

Les Verts G/EFA Centre-Left Environment & Climate Europhile 1979–2010 Les Écologistes (formerly EELV) is an ecological party in France. It combines radical environmental protection with left-liberal socio-political values and aims for a profound transformation of the economic model towards sustainability and social justice.

Levica LEFT Left Founded 2014 Levica (The Left) is an eco-socialist and democratic socialist political party in Slovenia. It positions itself as a radical alternative to the neoliberal consensus, advocating for a fundamental transformation of the economic and social order in favor of the working population.

Lewica S&D Nowa Lewica Social Democratic Europhile Founded 2021 Lewica is a Polish left-progressive political alliance. It blends social democratic traditions with contemporary socio-political reform demands, advocating for a robust welfare state and legal equality for minorities in Poland.

Liberal Alliance EPP [Ny] Liberal Alliance Liberal Founded 2007 The Liberal Alliance (LA) is a right-liberal party in Denmark that advocates for a radical reduction in public spending and maximum individual liberty. As a market-oriented force, it combines classical liberal principles with a modern, libertarian-influenced focus on personal responsibility and entrepreneurship.

Liberalerna RE Liberal Liberal Europhile Liberalerna (L) is a liberal Swedish party that positions itself as a staunch advocate for education, individual freedom, and Sweden's strong integration into the European Union. They pursue a socially liberal course that harmonizes personal accountability with a robust welfare system.

Libertà Transversal Libertà is a populist, libertarian, and Eurosceptic political alliance in Italy. The alliance positions itself as a fundamental protest movement against excessive state regulation, centralism, and global institutions, advocating for radical personal freedom and national sovereignty.

Liike Nyt NI Liberal Founded 2018 Liike Nyt (LIIK) is a liberal, pro-market party in Finland that defines itself as a digital citizen movement. It breaks away from conventional party structures, championing direct democracy and entrepreneurial efficiency to modernize political decision-making.

LIVRE G/EFA Livre — Liberdade, Esquerda, Europa e Ecologia Social Democratic Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2014 LIVRE is an ecosocialist, pro-European, and libertarian-left party in Portugal. It combines radical ecological demands with a commitment to social justice and a profound democratization of the European Union, while strictly distancing itself from authoritarian left-wing currents.

LMP G/EFA Lehet Más a Politika — LMP – Magyarország Zöld Pártja Centre-Left Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2010 LMP – Hungary's Green Party is an eco-liberal political force that positions itself as an alternative to the traditional left-right spectrum. The party advocates for radical ecological sustainability, civil rights, and a renewal of Hungary's political culture.

LPV PfE Latvija pirmajā vietā Right-Populist Founded 2021 Latvija pirmajā vietā (LPV) is a right-wing populist and value-conservative party in Latvia. It combines a pronounced economic liberalism with Christian-traditionalist values, positioning itself as a vocal opposition to the political establishment in Riga.

LRLS RE Lietuvos Respublikos Liberalų sąjūdis Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2008 The Lietuvos Respublikos Liberalų sąjūdis (LRLS) is a liberal, center-right party in Lithuania. It positions itself as a pro-European force, championing personal freedom, economic self-determination, and streamlined public administration.

LRP S&D Lietuvos regionų partija Centre-Left The Lietuvos regionų partija (LRP) is a regionalist, social-democratic, and socially conservative party in Lithuania. It primarily positions itself as the political voice for rural regions and smaller towns situated outside the major metropolitan areas.

LSDP S&D Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1896 The LSDP is a social democratic party in Lithuania. As the country's oldest active political force, it combines a pro-European stance with a focus on social justice and a robust welfare state. It is considered the leading force of the left-wing spectrum in Lithuanian politics.

LT RE Partija „Laisvė ir teisingumas“ Centre-Right Europhile The "Freedom and Justice" Party (LT) is a right-liberal and conservative party in Lithuania. It combines economically liberal approaches with a strong emphasis on law, order, and state sovereignty, positioning itself as a pragmatic centrist force.

Lutte Ouvrière Lutte ouvrière Left Eurosceptic Founded 1939 Lutte Ouvrière is a Trotskyist, far-left political party in France. It identifies as a revolutionary communist workers' party that fundamentally rejects the capitalist system and places the interests of the working class at the very core of its entire political existence.

LVŽS ECR Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga Agrarian Environment & Climate Europhile The Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) is a value-conservative, agrarian-focused political force in Lithuania. It combines a strong focus on environmental protection and rural development with traditional family values and a skeptical stance towards social liberalization.

LŽP G/EFA Lietuvos žaliųjų partija Transversal Environment & Climate Europhile The Lietuvos žaliųjų partija (LŽP) is a green, centrist party in Lithuania. It combines traditional ecological transformation with a business-friendly, pragmatic approach, distinguishing itself from conventional parties through its strong focus on sustainability and European integration.

Magyar Aliancia MA Conservative Regional The Magyar Aliancia (Hungarian Alliance) is a conservative-centrist party representing the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. It functions as a political umbrella movement that advocates for the interests of ethnic Hungarians, promoting regional autonomy, cultural self-determination, and the preservation of Hungarian identity within the Slovak state.

Magyar Kétfarkú Kutya Párt G/EFA Green Satire Europhile 2018–2018 The Hungarian Two-Tailed Dog Party (MKKP) is a Hungarian satirical political party that employs absurd humor as a political instrument. Through parody, it unmasks the shortcomings of the political system and is often categorized by authorities as a protest phenomenon that creatively channels civic engagement.

MeRA25 LEFT Métopo Evropaikís Realistikís Anypakoís Left Founded 2018 MeRA25 is a left-wing, pan-European party in Greece that sees itself as a radical alternative to the established system. It combines Post-Keynesianism with ecosocialism, calling for disruptive resistance against European austerity policies and a democratization of the EU.

Mi Hazánk ESN Mi Hazánk Mozgalom Right-Populist Eurosceptic Mi Hazánk Mozgalom is a far-right and radical-nationalist party in Hungary. It positions itself as an uncompromising alternative to the conservative mainstream, advocating for a pronounced ethnonationalism, and is classified by observers as revisionist and anti-minority.

Miljöpartiet G/EFA Miljöpartiet de gröna Green Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 1981 Miljöpartiet de gröna (MP) is an eco-liberal party in Sweden. As a leading green force in the Nordics, it consistently combines robust environmental protection with social justice and a strong pro-European orientation. Its core identity revolves around the ecological modernization of society.

MMM EPP Mindenki Magyarországa Mozgalom Centre-Right MMM is a conservative-liberal Hungarian civic movement that positions itself as a pro-European, centrist platform. It was founded as a broad front against corruption and for the restoration of rule of law standards, aiming to overcome political polarization in Hungary.

Moderaterna EPP Moderata samlingspartiet Conservative Europhile The Moderate Party (Moderata samlingspartiet, M) is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden. As the largest force within the centre-right bloc, it combines advocacy for a free market economy and individual liberty with a strong emphasis on law, order, and national security.

Moderaterne RE Liberal Europhile Founded 2022 Moderaterne is a liberal centrist party in Denmark, positioning itself as a pragmatic force operating beyond the traditional right-left blocs. It aims to overcome political polarization and future-proof the Danish welfare state through comprehensive reforms.

Momentum RE Momentum Mozgalom Transversal Liberal Europhile Founded 2017 Momentum Mozgalom (Momentum) is a liberal, pro-European, and centrist party in Hungary. It positions itself as a modern, progressive force of the center, offering a clear counter-model to the illiberal state and national conservatism, primarily mobilizing the young, urban generation.

Most ECR Most nezavisnih lista Conservative Founded 2015 Most is a Croatian, value-conservative and economically liberal center-right party. Initially launched as a platform for independent local politicians, it now combines Christian democratic values with a strong focus on anti-corruption efforts and upholding state integrity.

Movimento 5 Stelle LEFT Anti-Establishment Founded 2009 The Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S), or Five Star Movement, is an Italian populist party that emerged as a protest movement against the political establishment. It breaks with the traditional left-right political spectrum, combining digital direct democracy with core ecological and social policy demands.

MSZP S&D Magyar Szocialista Párt Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1989 The Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP) is a social-democratic, pro-European political party in Hungary. As the direct successor to the former socialist state party, it now champions center-left policies, advocating for social justice and deeper integration into the European Union.

Második Reformkor 2RK Center Második Reformkor (2RK) is a Hungarian centrist political party, defining itself as reform-oriented and post-ideological. The group critically assesses the deep political divisions within the country and positions itself as a constructive alternative to the established party system.

Nacionālā Apvienība ECR Nacionālā apvienība Conservative Europhile 1919–1934 The Nacionālā apvienība (NA) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist party in Latvia. As a guardian of Latvian identity, it combines staunch nationalism with economic liberal approaches and a deep skepticism towards the Soviet legacy and Russian influence.

Nea Dimokratia EPP Néa Đimokratía Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1974 Néa Dimokratía (ND) is a center-right, conservative-liberal political party in Greece. As a dominant force within the center-right spectrum, it advocates for Greece's steadfast integration into Western alliances such as the EU and NATO, alongside a market-oriented economic policy and societal stability.

NEOS RE NEOS — Das Neue Österreich Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2012 NEOS is a liberal party in Austria, positioning itself as a centrist force bridging tradition and progress. It combines economically liberal approaches with social openness and a passionate pro-European stance, while defining transparency and citizen participation as core tenets of its political identity.

Neovisni za Hrvatsku PfE Conservative Europhile Founded 2017 Neovisni za Hrvatsku (NHR) is a far-right, nationalist party in Croatia. It advocates for uncompromising Croatian patriotism, emphasizes Christian-conservative values, and sharply distances itself from the Yugoslav past and liberal societal models.

Nezavisna lista Miroslava Škore Right The Miroslav Škoro Homeland Movement (Nezavisna lista Miroslava Škore, NLMŠ) is a right-conservative to right-populist party in Croatia. It sees itself as a rallying point for voters demanding a return to traditional identity and a departure from the established two-party system.

NIKI Right-Populist Eurosceptic 1915–1915 NIKI (Democratic Patriotic Movement) is an Orthodox Christian, right-conservative political party in Greece. It defines itself through the inseparable unity of the Greek nation and Christian faith and is politically classified as radically traditionalist and socio-politically reactionary.

Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste Far-Left Founded 2009 The Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste (NPA) is a far-left, Trotskyist-influenced French political party. It considers itself a revolutionary movement aiming to overthrow capitalism, is monitored by domestic intelligence services, and advocates for a radical break with the existing economic system.

NS Nacionalinis susivienijimas Right-Populist Nacionalinis susivienijimas is a far-right, nationalist party in Lithuania. It pursues a strictly socially conservative and Eurosceptic agenda and is categorized by political science discourse as belonging to the radical right spectrum.

NSC EPP Nieuw Sociaal Contract Centre-Right Founded 2023 Nieuw Sociaal Contract (NSC) is a Christian-democratic, center-right party in the Netherlands. Its core identity is built on the promise to restore citizens' trust in politics through radical transparency, good governance, and a fundamental reform of the state apparatus.

NSi EPP Nova Slovenija — Krščanska ljudska stranka Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 2000 NSi is a Christian democratic-conservative party in Slovenia. It combines traditional Christian values with a strong free-market orientation, positioning itself as a pro-European force of the center-right that stands for stability and a return to civic virtues.

Néa Aristerá LEFT Left Néa Aristerá (New Left) is a left-wing to democratic-socialist party in Greece. It emerged as a breakaway from Syriza and positions itself as a pro-European, progressive force that combines classic left-wing ideals with modern evidence-based policy and ecological awareness.

ODS ECR Občanská demokratická strana Conservative Founded 1991 The ODS is a liberal-conservative party in the Czech Republic, positioning itself as a leading force of the civic right. It combines economic liberal principles with a skeptical stance on European integration, advocating for individual responsibility and a lean state.

PACMA Partido Animalista Contra el Maltrato Animal Transversal Eurosceptic Founded 2003 PACMA is a Spanish animal welfare party that identifies as a progressive, eco-social force. Its core focus is the unwavering fight against animal cruelty, the abolition of bullfighting, and a radical transformation towards a non-violent, ecologically sustainable, and socially just society.

PAN G/EFA Partido pelos Animais e pela Natureza Green Animal Welfare Europhile Founded 2009 PAN is a Portuguese political party dedicated to animal welfare, environmental protection, and sustainability. As a proponent of modern ecologism, it combines ethical animal protection with a pacifist ethos, calling for a radical shift in nature and climate policy.

Parempoolsed EPP Conservative Europhile 1995–1995 Parempoolsed (The Right) is Estonia's pro-European, right-conservative force, advocating for a radically lean state and an uncompromising free-market economy. As a prominent voice against populism, it combines fiscal discipline with a clear Western security orientation.

Partei des Fortschritts NI Centre-Left Liberal The Party of Progress (PdF) is a young, non-ideological German minor party that positions itself as a pragmatic alternative to the traditional left-right political spectrum. It advocates for strictly fact-based policies guided by expert knowledge and citizen participation, rather than rigid party platforms or worldviews.

Parti communiste français LEFT Parti communiste française Left Founded 1920 The French Communist Party (PCF) is a long-standing left-wing political party in France that advocates for a fundamental transformation of the capitalist system. Once the preeminent force on the French Left, it now defines itself through social humanism and championing the working class, having officially distanced itself from Marxism-Leninism.

Partido Popular EPP Conservative Europhile 1834–1874 The Partido Popular (PP) is Spain's dominant center-right conservative party. As a liberal-conservative force, it represents the moderate right, advocating for the unity of the Spanish nation and a market-oriented economic policy within the European Union.

Partido Socialista S&D Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1975 The Partido Socialista (PS) is a social democratic party in Portugal. It sees itself as a pro-European, center-left force that aims to combine social justice with a stable market economy, and has been a fundamental pillar of Portuguese democracy since the Carnation Revolution.

Partidul Național Român Right 1881–1926 The Partidul Național Român (PNR) is a right-wing, nationalist political party in Romania. It sees itself as a guardian of Christian-conservative values and advocates for a stringent sovereignty policy that prioritizes national interests above European integration.

Parti socialiste S&D Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1969 The Parti socialiste (PS) is an established left-wing, social-democratic party in France. It advocates for social justice, state intervention, and robust European integration, historically serving as a foundational pillar of the French left within the country's semi-presidential system.

Partito Democratico S&D Social Democratic Europhile Founded 2007 The Partito Democratico (PD) is a center-left liberal, pro-European mainstream party in Italy, functioning as a broad-tent political force. It unites social democratic, Christian-social, and ecological currents. The PD sees itself as a foundational governing force and the primary counterweight to right-wing populism.

PASOK S&D Panellinio Sosialistikó Kínima Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1974 PASOK is a social-democratic party in Greece that historically bridged the transition from the end of the military dictatorship to modern Greek democracy. As a pro-European, center-left force, it profoundly shaped the nation for decades, serving as a dominant mainstream party.

PE-PE Patriotikí Énossi Far-Right The Patriotikí Énossi (Patriotic Union) is a far-right nationalist party in Greece. It defines itself through strict national conservatism, the defense of Greek Orthodox identity, and a pronounced skepticism towards supranational institutions.

Perussuomalaiset ECR Suomen Puolue / Perussuomalaiset Agrarian Europhile Founded 1995 The Finns Party (Perussuomalaiset, PS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Finland. It combines Euroscepticism with a strict immigration policy and positions itself as the voice of the 'common people' against a perceived out-of-touch liberal elite.

Piráti G/EFA Česká pirátská strana Liberal Europhile Pirátí is a progressive, liberal party in the Czech Republic, positioning itself as a digital vanguard for transparency and civil liberties. It combines technological optimism with social-liberal values, presenting itself as a modern alternative to the traditional political spectrum.

PiS ECR Prawo i Sprawiedliwość Conservative Founded 2001 PiS (Law and Justice) is a national-conservative, right-wing populist party in Poland. It combines traditional values deeply rooted in Catholicism with a strong emphasis on national sovereignty and a protectionist welfare state.

PL S&D Partit Laburista Social Democratic Europhile The Partit Laburista (PL) is a social-democratic party in Malta. As one of the country's two dominant political forces, it occupies a centre-left position, blending traditional labour interests with business-friendly, pragmatic modernization.

PL2050 RE Polska 2050 Centrist Europhile Founded 2020 Polska 2050 (PL2050) is a liberal, Christian-democratic, and pro-European catch-all party in Poland. It positions itself as a centrist force aiming to bridge the deep political chasm between established blocs, with a strong emphasis on ecological issues.

Plefsi Eleftherias Proodeftiki Enosis Left 1928–1928 Proodeftiki Enosis (Progressive Union) is a Greek, left-wing party that represents a synthesis of democratic socialism and progressive patriotism. It sees itself as the voice of the workers and advocates for a rejection of strict fiscal austerity policies.

PN EPP Partit Nazzjonalista Conservative Europhile Founded 1926 The Partit Nazzjonalista (PN) is a Christian Democratic-conservative party in Malta. As one of the two dominant forces in the Maltese two-party system, it advocates for a pro-European orientation, a social market economy, and the preservation of traditional values within society.

PNL EPP Partidul Național Liberal-Brătianu Liberal Europhile 1930–1938 The PNL (Partidul Național Liberal) is a liberal-conservative party in Romania that sees itself as a historical force for modernization. As a pro-European bulwark, it advocates for the rule of law and a market economy, significantly shaping the country's center-right political landscape.

PNŢCD Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat Centre-Right The PNȚCD is a Christian democratic and value-conservative party in Romania with a historical agrarian foundation. As one of the country's most traditional political forces, it combines advocacy for agrarian interests with a strong commitment to Christian values and the monarchy.

Podemos LEFT Left Founded 2014 Podemos is a left-wing, left-populist political party in Spain, which emerged in 2014 from the 'Indignados' protest movement against austerity measures. It sees itself as a democratic instrument to challenge the established political system ('La Casta') and radically re-establish social justice.

PP RE Prodalzhavame promyanata Transversal Europhile Founded 2021 Prodalzhavame promyanata (PP) is a liberal, pro-European reform party in Bulgaria. It positions itself as a technocratic force committed to combating corruption and modernizing the state. The party advocates for a strong Western alignment and transparent governance.

Pravedna Hrvatska NI PP Right Pravedna Hrvatska (Just Croatia) is a right-conservative and sovereignist political party in Croatia. It defines itself through an unwavering focus on national identity, strengthening the rule of law, and advocating for a moral renewal of Croatian politics.

Pravá a Milující ECR PaM Far-Left Pravá a Milujicí is a far-right populist and national-conservative party in the Czech Republic. It combines a fiercely anti-immigration and Eurosceptic stance with a socially conservative worldview, framing itself as the voice of the common people against the entrenched elite.

PRO Progressief Nederland Social Democratic Europhile Progressief Nederland (PRO) is a Dutch political party dedicated to progressive liberalism and the consistent modernization of both state and society. It successfully combines social justice with a market-oriented approach and maintains a staunchly pro-European stance.

PRO Právo Respekt Odbornost Right PRO (Právo Respekt Odbornost) is a Czech right-wing populist party defined by a strongly national-conservative and anti-establishment stance. It combines resistance to international institutions with demands for radical sovereignty and civil liberties.

Progresīvie G/EFA Social Democratic Europhile Founded 2017 Progresīvie is a left-liberal, green-progressive party in Latvia. It positions itself as a modern, pro-European force, combining social justice with ecological sustainability and distinguishing itself from conservative rivals through a decidedly inclusive social policy.

PRO România S&D Centre-Left Europhile PRO România is a social-liberal party in Romania, positioning itself as a modern, pro-European alternative to traditional social democracy. It is situated within the center-left of the political spectrum and emphasizes the country's economic modernization.

PS RE Progresívne Slovensko Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2017 Progresívne Slovensko (PS) is a centre-left, pro-European political party in Slovakia. It presents itself as a modern alternative to traditional national conservatism, advocating for civil rights, the rule of law, and deep integration into the European Union.

PSD S&D Partidul Social Democrat Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1996 The Partidul Social Democrat (PSD) is Romania's dominant left-populist and social democratic force. As the successor to the National Salvation Front, it has shaped the country's post-communist era through a strong emphasis on state intervention, conservative social policies, and a deeply entrenched local power network.

PSD EPP Partido Social Democrata Centre-Right Europhile The PSD is a liberal-conservative party in Portugal that dominates the country's political center and center-right. Despite its name, it does not pursue socialist objectives, instead combining economically liberal approaches with a commitment to social welfare and a pro-European stance.

PSL EPP Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe Agrarian Europhile Founded 1991 The Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (PSL) is a moderately conservative, agrarian-centrist party in Poland. As the country's most traditional political force, it combines Christian-social values with a strong focus on rural areas and is considered a pragmatic centrist party.

PSOE S&D Partido Socialista Obrero Español Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1879 The PSOE is a Spanish social democratic party with a center-left orientation. As one of the country's oldest and most influential political forces, it champions the expansion of the welfare state, social liberalization, and pro-European integration within the framework of a parliamentary monarchy.

PTD LEFT Pace Terra Dignità Left Pace Terra Dignità is a left-wing, peace-oriented, and Eurosceptic political movement in Italy. The party positions itself as a radical counterpoint to established foreign and economic policies, placing the struggle against militarization and social inequality at the heart of its identity.

PUSL S&D Partidul Umanist Social Liberal Centre-Left Europhile Founded 2015 PUSL is a centrist, populist-leaning minor party in Romania, ideologically positioned between social-liberal approaches and conservative humanism. It features a highly personalized structure and primarily operates within the political system as a pragmatic alliance partner for larger political forces.

PvdD LEFT Partij voor de Dieren Green Animal Welfare Founded 2002 The Partij voor de Dieren (PvdD) is a Dutch political party that places eco-centrism at the core of its ideology. As the world's first parliamentary party of its kind, it champions animal rights, campaigns against industrial agriculture, and advocates for radical planetary protection.

PVV PfE Partij voor de Vrijheid Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2006 The PVV is a right-wing populist, national-conservative party in the Netherlands. It combines radical criticism of Islam with a strict anti-establishment stance. Central to its identity is the demand for the protection of Dutch culture from external influences.

Párbeszéd G/EFA Centre-Left Environment & Climate Párbeszéd is a green-liberal and socio-ecological party in Hungary. It positions itself as a pro-European force within the center-left spectrum, advocating for climate action, social justice, and the strengthening of democratic institutions.

Radikale Venstre RE Centre-Left Liberal Europhile Radikale Venstre is a social-liberal Danish centrist party. It combines a social-ecological economic policy with a strong pro-European stance, advocating for a liberal society that unites individual freedom with social responsibility.

Rassemblement national PfE Front National / Rassemblement national Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1972 The Rassemblement National (RN) is a far-right populist to far-right extremist party in France. It combines strict nationalism with Euroscepticism and a hardline stance on immigration policy to protect French sovereignty and cultural identity against external influences.

Reconquête ESN Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2022 Reconquête is a far-right French political party with a radical nationalist and identitarian orientation. It positions itself as a rallying point for the conservative bourgeoisie and the radical right, with the aim of defending French identity against a perceived Islamization.

Reformierakond RE Social Democratic Liberal Europhile 1988–1993 The Estonian Reform Party (Eesti Reformierakond) is Estonia's dominant liberal force. As a staunch advocate for the free market and a lean, digital state, it has shaped the country for decades, combining strict fiscal discipline with a clear pro-European orientation.

REPER RE Reînnoim Proiectul European al României Center Liberal Founded 2022 REPER (Reînnoim Proiectul European al României) is a liberal, pro-European, and technocratically oriented party in Romania. It identifies as a progressive centrist force, advocating for transparency, modernization, and the country's deep integration into the European Union.

Republika ESN Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2021 Republika is a far-right and nationalist party in Slovakia. It emerged as a splinter group of radical forces, combining a fierce anti-establishment stance with explicitly EU-skeptic, pro-Russian, and xenophobic rhetoric.

Resnica Resni.ca Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2021 Resni.ca is a right-wing populist and vaccine-critical party in Slovenia. It emerged as a protest movement against government COVID-19 measures and now positions itself as an anti-establishment force, emphasizing sovereignty, direct democracy, and a fundamental critique of global institutions.

RF LEFT Radnička fronta Left Radnička fronta (RF) is a socialist party in Croatia, defining itself as part of the radical democratic left. It aims to overcome capitalism and advocates for a fundamental transformation of economic and social conditions in favor of the working population.

S.O.S. România NI S.O.S. Romania Right-Populist Eurosceptic S.O.S. România is a right-wing populist and ultranationalist party in Romania. It combines radical sovereignism with a strong rejection of EU integration, advocating for a return to a Greater Romanian nation-state under significant religious influence.

SaS ECR Sloboda a Solidarita Liberal Europhile Founded 2009 SaS is an economically liberal and Eurosceptic party in Slovakia. It combines a strong commitment to free market principles with socially liberal values and a critical stance towards deeper EU integration, without fundamentally questioning the country's Western orientation.

SD S&D Socialni demokrati Social Democratic Europhile The Social Democrats (Socialni demokrati, SD) are a centre-left social-democratic party in Slovenia. As the institutional successor to the League of Communists of Slovenia, the SD combines a rich historical tradition with a modern commitment to upholding pro-European values and the democratic rule of law.

SDE S&D Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond Social Democratic Europhile The Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond (SDE) is Estonia's modern voice for social justice and progressive values. As a pro-European force, it combines Scandinavian welfare models with digital advancement, advocating for an inclusive society.

SDP S&D Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1899 The Social Democratic Party of Finland (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is a centre-left, social democratic party in Finland. As one of the country's most established political forces, it champions a robust welfare state, social justice, and workers' rights.

SDP S&D Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1990 The Social Democratic Party of Croatia (Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske, SDP) is a center-left, social-democratic political party in Croatia. As the direct successor to the League of Communists of Croatia, it now embodies the pro-European, secular counterweight to the country's conservative bloc.

SDPS S&D Sociāldemokrātiskā Partija "Saskaņa" Social Democratic Founded 2009 The SDPS (Saskaņa) is a social-democratic party in Latvia, primarily positioning itself as a representative of the Russian-speaking minority. It combines left-leaning economic policies with a strong focus on social inclusion and ethnic reconciliation, yet remains under constant scrutiny due to its historical proximity to Russia.

SDS EPP Slovenska demokratska stranka Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1989 The SDS is a right-conservative and right-populist party in Slovenia. It combines traditional values with a strong focus on national sovereignty. Observers consider it the dominant force of the right-wing spectrum, aiming for an illiberal transformation of the state.

Se Acabó La Fiesta SALF Right-Populist Eurosceptic SALF (Se Acabó la Fiesta) is a right-wing populist, anti-establishment movement in Spain. It positions itself as an anti-corruption force battling a perceived 'political caste,' primarily mobilizing through social media and rejecting traditional party structures.

SGP ECR Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij Conservative Eurosceptic Founded 1918 The SGP is a strictly conservative, Calvinist party in the Netherlands. As the oldest existing party in the country, it pursues a theocratically-oriented policy that views the Word of God as the sole guideline for state action and consistently rejects modern societal liberalization.

Sinistra Italiana LEFT Socialisti Italiani Left 1994–1998 Sinistra Italiana (SI) is a democratic-socialist and ecological party in Italy. It positions itself as a left-wing alternative to the moderate centre-left spectrum, advocating for radical redistribution, social justice, and a consistent ecological transformation of the economy.

Sinn Féin LEFT Sinn Féin (Provisional) Left Founded 1970 Sinn Féin is a left-wing, Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Its core objective is to overcome the partition of Ireland and establish a united, socialist republic through democratic processes.

SLS EPP Slovenska ljudska stranka Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1990 The SLS (Slovenska ljudska stranka) is a conservative, Christian-democratic, and agrarian-oriented party in Slovenia. It identifies itself as the traditional voice of rural areas, emphasizing national identity and Christian values within the broader European party family.

SMER NI Smer — sociálna demokracia Social Democratic Eurosceptic Founded 1999 SMER – sociálna demokracia is a left-populist and national-conservative party in Slovakia. It combines traditional social democratic economic policies with a strong emphasis on national sovereignty and socially conservative values.

SNS ECR Slovenská národná strana Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1990 The SNS is a right-wing populist, national-conservative party in Slovakia. As the country's oldest political force, it defines itself through uncompromising nationalism, the defense of Christian values, and a strong stance against minorities and external influences.

SOCDEM S&D Sociální Demokracie Centre-Left Europhile SOCDEM is a long-standing Czech center-left party. As a classic social democratic force, it champions social justice, a robust welfare state, and workers' rights within the framework of European integration.

Social Democrats S&D Social Democratic Europhile The Social Democrats (SD) are a centre-left, social democratic party in Ireland. They combine progressive social policies with the goal of a strong welfare state, modelled on the Nordic system, and strongly advocate for transparency and governmental integrity.

Socialdemokraterna S&D Socialdemokraterna / Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1889 Socialdemokraterna (S) is a classic social democratic people's party and the historically dominant force in Sweden's political system. It defines itself through the ideal of the 'Folkhemmet' (People's Home), which unites a strong welfare state with social justice and equality.

Socialdemokraterne S&D Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1871 Socialdemokraterne is a Danish social democratic party that occupies the political center ground. It is the defining force behind the Danish welfare state, combining traditional left-wing economic policies with a restrictive migration and integration strategy.

Socialisti.sk EPP S/ZL Far-Left Socialisti.sk is a socialist and left-wing party in Slovakia. It positions itself as a radical, system-critical alternative to established social democracy, advocating for a fundamental transformation of the economy and society in the interest of the working class.

Socialistisk Folkeparti G/EFA Green Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 1959 The Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) is a socialist-green party in Denmark. It combines traditional left-wing labor market policies with a strong emphasis on climate action and social justice, positioning itself as a pragmatic force between the Social Democrats and the radical left.

Solidarity–People Before Profit LEFT Solidarity — People Before Profit Left Eurosceptic Founded 2015 Solidarity–People Before Profit (S-PBP) is a socialist electoral alliance in Ireland. It positions itself as a radical, anti-capitalist force that defends the interests of the working class against the political establishment and strives for systemic change towards a socialist society.

SP LEFT Socialistiese Partij Left Eurosceptic Founded 1971 The Socialistiese Partij (SP) is a left-wing populist, socialist political party in the Netherlands. It positions itself as a radical voice opposing neoliberalism and advocating for social justice, frequently adopting a Euroskeptic stance.

SPD S&D Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1875 The SPD is a left-wing people's party and Germany's oldest parliamentary force. As a classic social democratic party, it combines social justice with the rule of law and a market economy. It is committed to parliamentary democracy and European integration.

SPD ESN Svoboda a přímá demokracie Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2015 The SPD (Svoboda a přímá demokracie) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative party in the Czech Republic. Its core platform is resistance to EU integration and migration, alongside a demand for radical direct democracy, modeled after Switzerland.

SPÖ S&D Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs Social Democratic Europhile Founded 1888 The SPÖ is a classic social democratic people's party that has significantly shaped Austria's political system since 1945. It defines itself through the core values of freedom, equality, justice, and solidarity, advocating for a robust welfare state and a balance between labor and capital.

Stabilitātei! Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2021 Stabilitātei! (S!) is a populist, pro-Russian party in Latvia that primarily positions itself as the voice of the Russian-speaking minority. It combines EU skepticism with sharp criticism of the government and is often categorized as anti-establishment and demagogic.

STAN EPP Starostové a nezávislí Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 2004 STAN is a liberal Czech centrist party that derives its identity from its strong local roots. It champions subsidiarity and the empowerment of municipal self-governance. As a pro-European force, it pursues a pragmatic course balancing civic liberalism with a regional focus.

Stati Uniti d'Europa SUE Center Liberal Stati Uniti d'Europa (SUE) is a centrist, pro-European political alliance in Italy. Its core identity is rooted in a vision of radical federalism for the European continent, with the explicit aim of transforming the European Union into a genuine, sovereign federal state, akin to the United States.

Stačilo! Left Eurosceptic Stačilo! (Enough!) is a left-wing populist alliance in the Czech Republic led by the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM). This coalition combines radical left-wing policies with pronounced Euroscepticism and sovereignism to mobilize voters across the political spectrum, from the far-left to the populist right.

Suomen Keskusta RE Keskusta Agrarian Founded 1927 Keskusta (KESK) is a liberal, agrarian-rooted centrist party in Finland. Evolving from a traditional farmers' party, it has transformed into a leading force for rural areas, advocating for decentralization, social stability, and the preservation of Finnish traditions within the EU.

SV ECR Suverēnā vara Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2022 Suverēnā vara (SV) is a national-conservative and right-populist political party in Latvia. It positions itself as a staunch defender of traditional family values, national sovereignty against Brussels, and a vocal critic of the political establishment.

Svenska folkpartiet RE Svenska folkpartiet i Finland Liberal Liberal Europhile The SFP is a centrist liberal party that primarily champions the interests of Finland's Swedish-speaking minority. It serves as a bilingual bridge within the political system, steadfastly advocating for the preservation of Swedish cultural heritage and promoting pro-European, economically liberal policies.

Sverigedemokraterna ECR Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 1988 The Sweden Democrats (SD) are a right-wing populist and national-conservative party in Sweden. They combine a strict focus on national identity with a critical stance towards migration and the EU. Due to its origins, the party is often classified as far-right.

Svoboda RE Gibanje Svoboda Social Democratic Liberal Europhile Founded 2022 Gibanje Svoboda (GS) is a left-liberal, green-oriented party in Slovenia. As a pro-European force, it combines social liberalism with ecological modernization, positioning itself as a civic alternative to traditional political blocs and populist movements.

Svobodní NI Strana svobodných občanů Right Svobodní (Party of Free Citizens) is a right-libertarian and Eurosceptic political party in Czechia. It is committed to the systematic dismantling of state structures, the maximization of individual liberty, and the rejection of the European integration process.

SYRIZA LEFT Synaspismós Rizospastikís Aristerás Left Europhile Founded 2004 SYRIZA is a left-wing to left-populist party in Greece. It unites currents of democratic socialism, eco-socialism, and Eurocommunism. Formed as the 'Coalition of the Radical Left,' it positions itself as a progressive alternative to the traditional two-party system.

Tautos kiltis ECR TK Right Tautos kiltis (TK) is a right-conservative to right-populist party in Lithuania. The group portrays itself as a patriotic force, combining a nationalist agenda with a strong focus on traditional values, the protection of Lithuanian identity, and a pronounced skepticism towards deeper European integration.

Tierschutzpartei LEFT PARTEI MENSCH KLIMA TIERSCHUTZ Left Animal Welfare Europhile Founded 1993 The Animal Protection Party is an eco-humanist interest party that views the protection of animals, the environment, and human rights as an inseparable trinity. As the world's first party of its kind, it uniquely combines ethical animal welfare with ecological policy and social justice.

TISZA EPP Tisztelet és Szabadság Centrist Europhile TISZA is a Hungarian center-right party with a conservative-liberal profile. It positions itself as a pro-European, system-critical alternative to the long-standing government dominance, emphasizing the rule of law and the fight against corruption as core tenets of its identity.

TOP 09 EPP Tradice Odpovědnost Prosperita 09 Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 2010 TOP 09 is a conservative-liberal party in the Czech Republic, defined by its pro-European stance and fiscal discipline. Its name stands as an acronym for Tradition, Responsibility, and Prosperity, which encapsulates its brand identity as a centrist-right civic force.

To Potámi Liberal To Potami (The River) is a social-liberal, pro-European centrist party in Greece. It defines itself as an ideology-free, reform-oriented movement that transcends the traditional left-right political divide, advocating for transparency, reason, and the modernization of the Greek state.

TS-LKD EPP Tėvynės sąjunga – Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai Christian Democratic Europhile The TS-LKD is a conservative, Christian Democratic party in Lithuania. As a leading center-right force, it merges national-conservative values with a strong pro-European and transatlantic orientation, seeing itself as a guardian of Lithuanian independence and democracy.

UDMR EPP Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România Christian Democratic Regional Europhile The UDMR is an ethnic interest party representing the Hungarian minority in Romania. As a conservative Christian Democratic force, it acts as a stabilizing factor within the political system, primarily advocating for cultural autonomy and minority rights.

Union populaire républicaine Union Populaire Républicaine Conservative Europhile Founded 2007 The Union Populaire Républicaine (UPR) is a sovereignist, Eurosceptic French political party. Its core identity is rooted in the staunch rejection of the European Union and the demand for an immediate, unilateral withdrawal of France from the EU, the Eurozone, and NATO.

Vasemmistoliitto LEFT Left Europhile Founded 1990 Vasemmistoliitto (Left Alliance) is a modern, socialist-ecological party in Finland. It combines traditional labour politics with radical environmental protection, advocating for social justice and minority rights.

Venstre RE Liberal Europhile Founded 1870 Venstre is a center-right liberal party in Denmark, which historically emerged as a representative of farmers and today constitutes the central force of the center-right political camp. As a classic liberal mainstream party, it champions individual liberty, personal responsibility, and a free market economy.

Vesna G/EFA VESNA – zelena stranka Centre-Left Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2022 Vesna is a green, pro-European political party in Slovenia that intertwines ecological sustainability with social justice. It sees itself as a modern alternative to the established party system, prioritizing transparency and a strict separation from corrupt practices.

Vihreä liitto G/EFA Vihreä Liitto Green Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 1983 Vihreä Liitto (The Green League) is a Finnish eco-liberal party. It consistently combines robust environmental protection with progressive social policies and a strong pro-European orientation. The party sees itself as a modern reformist force that intertwines ecological sustainability with social justice.

Volt G/EFA Volt Nederland [ui/general.orientation.center-left] Europhile Volt Nederland is a progressive, pan-European political party that sees itself as the first truly transnational movement. It combines a pragmatic, science-based policy approach with the conviction that national challenges like climate change and digitalization can only be resolved through radical reform and a deeper integration of the European Union.

Volt G/EFA Néo Kýma || Volt Cyprus – Í Álli Kýpros Centrist Volt Cyprus is a progressive, pan-European party that sees itself as part of a cross-border movement. It combines a liberal reformist spirit with ecological sustainability and advocates for the deep integration of Cyprus into a federal European Union, as well as overcoming the island's ethnic division.

Volt G/EFA Volt Europa Center Volt is a Pan-European, progressive, and pragmatic political party. As the first cross-border movement of its kind, it strives for a federal European state. It combines social-liberal societal policies with evidence-based approaches and is generally classified as a constructive centrist force.

Vox PfE VOX Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2013 Vox is a Spanish far-right to ultra-conservative political party that champions strict nationalism, social conservatism, and a centralized state structure. It positions itself as a counterweight to regional separatism and the progressive zeitgeist.

VVD RE Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie Liberal Liberal Europhile Founded 1948 The VVD is a centre-right liberal party in the Netherlands, positioning itself as a pivotal force within the political spectrum. It blends economically liberal principles with a pragmatic approach to governance, consistently championing individual freedom, personal responsibility, and a lean yet effective state.

Vänsterpartiet LEFT Vänsterpartiet / Sveriges Komunistiska Parti Left Founded 1917 Vänsterpartiet (The Left Party) is a socialist and feminist party in Sweden. It combines a strong critique of capitalism with ecological objectives and advocates for a robust welfare state.

Vŭzrazhdane ESN Vazrazhdane Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2014 Vazrazhdane (Revival) is a right-wing populist and ultranationalist party in Bulgaria. It maintains a fiercely anti-Western stance, advocating for withdrawal from NATO and the EU, and is frequently categorized by critics and observers as pro-Russian and anti-establishment.

Zeleni Slovenije Centre-Left Environment & Climate Founded 1990 Zeleni Slovenije (ZS) is an eco-conservative political party in Slovenia. It combines the protection of natural resources and the environment with a strong focus on national sovereignty and civic values, thereby distinctly differentiating itself from left-liberal green movements across Europe.

Zelení G/EFA Strana zelených Centre-Left Environment & Climate Zelení is an eco-liberal party in the Czech Republic committed to climate protection, social justice, and progressive social policies. It sees itself as a pro-European force that links ecological sustainability with democratic values and the protection of minorities.

ZZS G/EFA Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība Agrarian Environment & Climate Europhile Founded 2002 The Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība (ZZS) is a center-right alliance in Latvia that combines agrarian-conservative interests with environmentally-minded protectionism. It is considered a pragmatic force, emphasizing traditional rural values and Latvia's economic sovereignty.

Écologie au Centre G/EFA ETÉ Center Environment & Climate Écologie au Centre (ÉTÉ) is a centrist ecological party in France. It combines environmental protection with a pragmatic, centrist economic policy and deliberately distinguishes itself from traditional left-wing environmentalism.

ÖDP EPP Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei Centre-Right Environment & Climate Founded 1982 The ÖDP is a centrist party combining conservative values with ecological principles. It links the protection of natural resources with a Christian-humanist understanding of humanity, consistently advocating for the preservation of creation and for a direct, lobby-free democracy without corporate donations.

ÖVP EPP Österreichische Volkspartei Christian Democratic Europhile Founded 1945 The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) is a Christian-democratic and conservative party with a center-right orientation. It sees itself as a formative force of the civic middle class and is often referred to as a classic 'state party' due to its historical roots and extensive networks.

ĽSNS NI Ľudová strana Naše Slovensko Right-Populist Eurosceptic Founded 2010 The ĽSNS is a far-right, ultranationalist party in Slovakia. It combines radical Euroscepticism with a profound rejection of minorities and ideologically invokes the clerical-fascist Slovak state of World War II. It is widely considered anti-democratic.

European Parliament All parties compared: where they stand and how they poll

European Parliament Parties: What They Champion

Mapping the European Parliament's Party Landscape

Party Alliances 11

Important Parties 269

Historical Parties

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