SPD – Polling data, political positions and political science insights

The SPD was founded in 1863 as the General German Workers' Association and is considered the oldest still-existing party in Germany. Its roots lie in the labor movement of the 19th century, which fought for better working conditions and social justice. Over time, it merged with other socialist groups and adopted its current name in 1890. During the Weimar Republic, the SPD was repeatedly involved in the government but was banned during the Nazi era. After World War II, it re-established itself as one of the leading political forces in Germany.

The SPD sees itself as a social democratic party with a center-left orientation. It places great importance on social justice, equal opportunities, and solidarity. Central issues include the promotion of the welfare state, the support of workers' rights, and ensuring a fair distribution of wealth. The party also advocates for strong European integration and sustainable environmental policy.

Throughout its history, the SPD has produced several Chancellors, including Willy Brandt (1969–1974), Helmut Schmidt (1974–1982), Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005), and Olaf Scholz (since 2021). Under its leadership, significant reforms were implemented, such as the Ostpolitik under Brandt or the Agenda 2010 under Schröder. The SPD has also been represented in numerous coalition governments at federal and state level and has significantly shaped German politics.

In recent years, the SPD has faced declining election results and internal debates. Issues such as refugee policy, social inequality, and climate change have posed challenges for the party. Nevertheless, it succeeded in becoming the strongest force in the 2021 federal election and providing the Chancellor with Olaf Scholz.