SPD at a Glance

Flag of Germany

Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Social Democratic Party of Germany

Political Compass
Conservative
Social
Market-oriented
Progressive
Stance on the EU
Anti-EU
Pro-EU
The SPD is a left-wing people's party and Germany's oldest parliamentary force. As a classic social democratic party, it combines social justice with the rule of law and a market economy. It is committed to parliamentary democracy and European integration.

Values and Worldview

The foundation of the SPD rests on the core values of freedom, justice, and solidarity. Their view of humanity is optimistic: they see individuals as emancipated beings who nonetheless rely on a robust welfare state to achieve genuine equality of opportunity. The state acts as an ordering force, mitigating social hardship and securing prosperity through redistribution and strong labor rights. Historically, the party sees itself as a bulwark against extremism and an engine of social progress.

Policy Priorities

The SPD's agenda focuses on securing the welfare state, ensuring fair wages, and promoting strong worker co-determination. Their core demands include affordable housing, stable pensions, and a fair tax policy designed to place a greater burden on higher earners. While traditionally targeting employees and trade unions, their appeal has long expanded to include the urban middle class and academic communities. A central tension remains balancing the ecological transformation of industry with the preservation of industrial jobs.

Role in the Political System

The SPD acts as a governing force and an "anchor of stability" in the center of the political system. Its strategy is geared towards compromise and participation in government, making it a natural partner for various coalition models. Institutionally, it is firmly rooted in the Basic Law (German constitution). Its strategic dilemma often lies in distinguishing itself from more radical left-wing forces on one hand, and the bourgeois center on the other, while striving to maintain its claim as a broad-based people's party in a fragmented political landscape.

Latest Regional Polls

Current Polling

0
10
20
30
40+

Swing since last election

-5
0
5+

Current polls in states with upcoming elections and changes since the last vote

View all state polls

Key Policy Areas & Ideological Alignment

This chart illustrates the key issues for the party. Points further from the center indicate higher significance.

Core Positions & Policy Platforms

Stance 2024
Stance 2019

Economy & State

Wealth Redistribution
Pro-Redistribution
Market-Driven
Fiscal Policy
Public Investment
Austerity & Tax Cuts
Trade Policy
Free Trade
Protectionism

Society & Values

Civil Liberties vs. Security
Civil Liberties
Law & Order
Gender Equality Measures
Pro-Promotion
Against Promotion
LGBTQ+ Equality
Pro-Equality
Traditional Values
Same-Sex Marriage
Pro-Marriage
Against
Religion in Politics
Secularism
Religious Influence
Urban vs. Rural Priority
Focus on Urban Areas
Focus on Rural Areas

Environment & Climate

Environment vs. Economy: What's More Important?
Environmental Protection Over Economic Growth
Economic Growth Over Environmental Protection
Climate Action vs. Economic Growth
Climate Protection First
Economic Growth First

Migration & Integration

Immigration Policy
Open
Restrictive
Integration & Culture
Multiculturalism
Assimilation
Rights for Ethnic Minorities
Expand Rights
Equal Treatment Only
National Sovereignty
Cosmopolitan
Nationalist

Democracy & Institutions

Executive Power Distribution
Decentralized
Strong Executive
Judicial Independence
Independent
Executive Oversight
State Organization
Federalism
Centralism

Voter Demographics: Who Supports SPD?

Voter Profile
Conservative
Social
Market-oriented
Progressive
Self-assessment of a random sample of SPD voters within the PolitPro community.
Scientific Analysis
Community Voters

Economy & State

Wealth Redistribution
Pro-Redistribution
Market-Driven
Fiscal Policy
Public Investment
Austerity & Tax Cuts
Trade Policy
Free Trade
Protectionism

Society & Values

Civil Liberties vs. Security
Civil Liberties
Law & Order
Religion in Politics
Secularism
Religious Influence
Urban vs. Rural Priority
Focus on Urban Areas
Focus on Rural Areas

Environment & Climate

Environment vs. Economy: What's More Important?
Environmental Protection Over Economic Growth
Economic Growth Over Environmental Protection
Relations with Russia
No Cooperation
Close Cooperation
Relations with China
No Cooperation
Close Cooperation
Relations with the USA
No Cooperation
Close Cooperation

Migration & Integration

Immigration Policy
Open
Restrictive
Integration & Culture
Multiculturalism
Assimilation
Rights for Ethnic Minorities
Expand Rights
Equal Treatment Only
National Sovereignty
Cosmopolitan
Nationalist

Democracy & Institutions

State Organization
Federalism
Centralism

How to Interpret the Data

We surveyed voters across all parties within the PolitPro community about their stances on key political issues. The bars illustrate the range of opinions among SPD supporters. A shorter bar indicates a more homogeneous opinion among supporters. Where available, the party's official position is displayed as a circle.

Data Sources & Methodology

These values are derived from data provided by SPD supporters on the PolitPro platform. While this data is not a traditional representative random sample, the high number of participants provides deep insights into the priorities and values of the active voter base.

Historical Election Results

SPD: Election Result Trends in Germany

Latest Regional Election Results

Current Government Roles of SPD

Current Roles in Regional and National Governments

History of Government Participation since 1945

Power Dynamics: Historical Government Roles
Leading Government
In Government
13

Total Cabinet Participations

Total Duration: 42 years • 7 months • 3 days

8

Cabinets Led

Total Duration: 25 years • 5 months • 2 weeks • 6 days

5

Coalition Participations

Total Duration: 17 years • 1 month • 1 week • 4 days

51%

Time in Government

The party participated in government for 51% of the legislative period.

Merz
2025
CDU/CSU
SPD
Scholz
2021
SPD
Grüne
FDP
Merkel IV
2017
CDU/CSU
SPD
Merkel III
2013
CDU/CSU
SPD
Merkel I
2005
CDU/CSU
SPD
Schröder II
2002
SPD
Grüne
Schröder I
1998
SPD
Grüne
Schmidt III
1980
SPD
FDP
Schmidt II
1976
SPD
FDP
Schmidt I
1972
SPD
FDP
Brandt II
1972
SPD
FDP
Brandt I
1969
SPD
FDP
Kiesinger
1965
CDU/CSU
SPD

Data Sources and Methodology

PolitPro

PolitPro bridges the gap between scientific research and current polling. We supplement leading datasets with our own proprietary research and algorithms to make complex political contexts tangible and accessible. Powered by AI.

Found a Mistake?

Political data is constantly evolving. If you spot an error, please let us know. A brief reference to your source will help us verify and update the information.

ParlGov – Parliamentary Democracy Data

A comprehensive research database from the University of Bremen, documenting parties, elections, and governments for comparative analysis.

Additional Sources

Döring, Holger and Philip Manow. 2024. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov).

CHES – Chapel Hill Expert Survey

The leading expert survey on party positions in Europe. Over 400 political scientists document party stances based on rigorous scientific criteria.

Additional Sources

Rovny, Jan, et al. “25 Years of Political Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey, 1999-2024.”