The Independence Party
Right/Liberal
No affiliated group in the European Parliament
No data available
No data available
Total Duration: 68 years • 8 months • 3 weeks • 2 days
Total Duration: 44 years • 7 months • 1 week • 3 days
Total Duration: 24 years • 1 month • 1 week • 6 days
The party participated in government for 79% of the legislative period.
A comprehensive research database from the University of Bremen, documenting parties, elections, and governments for comparative analysis.ParlGov – Parliamentary Democracy Data
Döring, Holger and Philip Manow. 2024. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov).
The leading expert survey on party positions in Europe. Over 400 political scientists document party stances based on rigorous scientific criteria.CHES – Chapel Hill Expert Survey
Rovny, Jan, et al. “25 Years of Political Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey, 1999-2024.”