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Official Final Results of the Netherlands General Election

General election in Netherlands 2021

Dutch General Election Results: March 17, 2021

Electoral Threshold

The electoral threshold for the election in Netherlands is 0.67%.

Voter Turnout

Voter turnout was 79.3%.

Current Election Trend: Netherlands
Poll results, coalitions, and election data
Historical Elections: Netherlands
Results, coalitions, and historical data
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Seat Distribution and Mathematical Majorities

The current government could maintain its majority

The incumbent governing parties secured 52.0% of the seats.

VVD + D66 + CDA + PvdA
Centre-Left
54.7%
VVD + D66 + CDA + GroenLinks
Centre-Left
54.0%
VVD + D66 + CDA + FvD
Centre
54.0%
VVD + D66 + CDA + CU
Centre
52.0%
VVD + D66 + PVV
Centre
50.0%
VVD + D66 + PvdA + GroenLinks
Centre-Left
50.0%
VVD + PVV + CDA + FvD
Centre-Right
49.3%
VVD + D66 + CDA
Centre
48.7%

Governments of the Current Legislative Period

Rutte VII
2022
VVD
D66
CDA
CU
Historical Government Cabinets: Netherlands
Cabinets and governing parties since 1945

Polling Accuracy: How Precise Were the Forecasts?

Comparison: Pre-Election Polls vs. Actual Election Results

1.39

I&O Research

The final poll by I&O Research deviated by an average of 1.39 percentage points per party from the actual Dutch general election results.
  • VVD
    -0.9
  • PVV
    +1.7
  • D66
    -3.2
  • CDA
    +0.7
  • PvdA
    +1.7
  • GL
    +2.0
  • SP
    +0.8
  • CU
    +0.5
  • FvD
    -1.8
  • PvdD
    -0.6
1.68

Peil.nl

The final poll by Peil.nl deviated by an average of 1.68 percentage points per party from the actual Dutch general election results.
  • VVD
    -1.2
  • PVV
    +5.2
  • CDA
    +2.5
  • D66
    -3.7
  • PvdA
    +1.6
  • SP
    +0.7
  • GL
    +0.1
  • CU
    +0.6
  • FvD
    -1.0
  • PvdD
    +0.2
2.10

Ipsos

The final poll by Ipsos deviated by an average of 2.10 percentage points per party from the actual Dutch general election results.
  • VVD
    +2.9
  • PVV
    +2.5
  • CDA
    +1.6
  • D66
    -5.9
  • GL
    +2.5
  • PvdA
    +1.7
  • SP
    +0.7
  • CU
    +0.8
  • PvdD
    +0.4
  • FvD
    -2.0
2.11

Kantar Public

The final poll by Kantar Public deviated by an average of 2.11 percentage points per party from the actual Dutch general election results.
  • VVD
    +3.5
  • CDA
    +2.4
  • PVV
    -0.1
  • D66
    -5.6
  • PvdA
    +2.5
  • SP
    +1.7
  • GL
    +2.2
  • CU
    +0.7
  • PvdD
    +0.3
2.38

Kantar

The final poll by Kantar deviated by an average of 2.38 percentage points per party from the actual Dutch general election results.
  • VVD
    +4.8
  • CDA
    +1.8
  • PVV
    +0.5
  • D66
    -5.0
  • PvdA
    +3.0
  • GL
    +2.8
  • SP
    +0.7
  • CU
    +1.3
  • PvdD
    +0.2
  • FvD
    -3.7

Party Results: Vote Shares and Gains/Losses

VVD

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Liberal
21.9
+0.6

D66

Democrats 66
Liberal
Pro EU
15.0
+2.8

PVV

Party for Freedom
Right-wing Populist
Anti-EU
10.8
-2.3

CDA

Christian Democratic Appeal
Christian Democratic
9.5
-2.9

SP

Socialist Party
Left-wing
EU-Skeptic
6.0
-3.1

PvdA

Labour Party
Social Democratic
Pro EU
5.7
±0.0

GroenLinks

GreenLeft
Green
Centre-Left
Pro EU
5.2
-3.9

FvD

Forum for Democracy
Right-wing Populist
Anti-EU
5.0
+3.2

PvdD

Party for the Animals
Animal Welfare
Left
3.8
+0.6

CU

Christian Union
Christian Democratic
3.4
±0.0

JA21

Right Answer 21
Right-wing Populist
EU-Skeptic
2.4
+2.4

Volt

Volt Netherlands
[modules/general.orientation.center-left]
Pro EU
2.4
+2.4

SGP

Reformed Political Party
Conservative
EU-Skeptic
2.1
±0.0

Denk

DENK Movement
Social Democratic
2.0
-0.1

Other Parties

Other Parties
Unknown
2.0
+1.3

BBB

Farmer-Citizen Movement
Agrarian
EU-Skeptic
1.0
+1.0

50Plus

50PLUS
Centre-Right
1.0
-2.1

Bij1

Together
Left
0.8
+0.8

Data Sources and Methodology

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ParlGov – Parliamentary Democracy Data

A comprehensive research database from the University of Bremen, documenting parties, elections, and governments for comparative analysis.

Additional Sources

Döring, Holger and Philip Manow. 2024. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov).

CHES – Chapel Hill Expert Survey

The leading expert survey on party positions in Europe. Over 400 political scientists document party stances based on rigorous scientific criteria.

Additional Sources

Rovny, Jan, et al. “25 Years of Political Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey, 1999-2024.”