Netherlands Election Poll: Results from Verian on November 24, 2025

According to Verian data, 15 parties are projected to surpass the electoral threshold and enter the Dutch parliament: D66 with 31 representatives, PVV with 22 representatives, CDA with 20 representatives, VVD with 20 representatives, PRO with 16 representatives, FvD with 10 representatives, JA21 with 9 representatives, SGP with 4 representatives, Denk with 3 representatives, SP with 3 representatives, 50Plus with 3 representatives, BBB with 3 representatives, PvdD with 3 representatives, CU with 2 representatives and Volt with 1 representatives.

The Tweede Kamer (House of Representatives) serves as the directly elected lower house of the Dutch parliament, comprising 150 members. Elections operate under a pure proportional representation system within a single national constituency. While the country is formally divided into 20 electoral districts, these are purely organizational; seats are allocated based on the total national vote. Voters cast their ballot for a specific candidate on a party list. This 'open list' system allows candidates to advance on the list and secure a seat through sufficient preference votes, even if initially placed lower.

The Netherlands boasts Europe's lowest electoral threshold: to enter the Tweede Kamer, a party only needs the number of votes mathematically required for a single seat. This equates to precisely 1/150th of the valid votes (approximately 0.67%). There is no artificial barrier, unlike Germany's 5% clause. This extremely low threshold fosters significant political diversity, ensuring even small interest or niche parties (such as the Party for the Animals or pensioners' parties) regularly gain parliamentary representation, though it also leads to considerable fragmentation.

Given the high number of parties in parliament (often 15 or more), it is impossible for a single party in the Netherlands to secure a majority of 76 seats. Coalition governments comprising three, four, or even five parties are therefore the norm. As the electoral system does not favor stable two-party blocs, negotiations are frequently protracted and complex. Recent history (such as after the 2025 elections) has seen an increase in minority governments or 'extra-parliamentary' cabinets, which must seek shifting majorities in parliament for their initiatives.